A tensile test, also known as tension test, is probably the most fundamental type of mechanical test you can. One of the widely used test methods that explain the quality of the products is the universal test which comprises. To conduct a tensile test on a mild steel specimen and determine the following. The important part of the specimen is the gage section. Universal testing machine construction and working principle. Materials testing equipment manufacturers united testing. The equipment arrangement and procedure for conducting the tension. Development, validation and implementation of universal testing. From knowledge of the specimen geometry we can calculate the engineering stress and strain from the load vs. This series testing machine is widely used in aerospace, petrochemical industry,wire and cable,machinery manufacturing,plastic, rubber,mining,ceramic. This series universal testing machine is mainly used to do stretching, compression and bending testing for metal and nonmetals such as rebar,wire rope,anchor rod,bolt fastener,cable and so on. Universal testing machine tensile tester qualitest. If you have a way to hang one end of some material from a solid point that does not move, then you can hang weights on the other end. Tensile testing is an effective way to investigate the mechanical properties of materials and it is a well established technique for bulk sample characterization.
Product guide universal test machines united testing systems. These astm e9 creep and stress rupture test of metals test methods cover the determination of the amount of deformation as a function of time creep test and the measurement of the time for fracture to occur when sufficient force is present rupture test for materials when under constant tensile forces at constant temperature. Tensile test for thin plastic films is done in utm machine or a dedicated tensile. In the tension test, a steel rod is subjected to tension load by the means of a universal testing machine utm. Tensile test purpose, graph, results, specimen detail. The tensile test is method to measure the mechanical properties of materials. Abstract tensile test method for the determining of the. Universal testing machine components and functions. Tensile properties frequently are included in material specifications to. Product guide universal test machines united testing.
One material property that is widely used and recognized is the strength of a material. Conclusion we were able to successfully tensile test aluminium and mild steel using the universal testing machine, from the data obtained we were able to successfully obtain the youngs modulus, ultimate tensile strength and yield stress values of the two metals. During testing, the computer controls all utm functions and collects the data such as load, speed and displacement information, as defined by the user. We will look at a very easy experiment that provides lots of information about the strength or the mechanical behavior of a material, called the tensile test. The t150 utm is used as a tensile tester for material characterization of basalt glass fibers, tungsten fibers and polypropylene fibers, with the fibers extended to the point of failure.
The universal part of the name reflects that it can perform many standard tensile and. The working principle of the tensile testing machine. Using the instron series ix software, the forcedisplacement responses of each of the material at a displacement rate of 15 mmmin were acquired. A universal testing machine utm is used to test th. Principles of hardness testing comparison of different hardness techniques lab2 3. By comparing the values of the two metals we can see that mild steel has higher values in all of the three properties which means. The samples were cylindrical in cross section, with a reduced gage. Mechanical characterization of mock energetic composite. The minimum parallel length l c is the minimum length over which the specimen must maintain a constant cross sectional area before the test load is applied the lengths l 0. Most utm models are modular and can be adapted to fit the customer. The wikipedia entry for a universal testing machine utm defines it as.
Mahatma gandhi missions laboratory manual mgms jnec. The universal part of the name reflects that it can perform many standard tensile and compression tests on materials, components, and. Results the stressstrain relationships of the two specimens are shown in fig. Tensile and flexural behaviour of steel materials used. Preload, test, stop and return operations initiated with one keystroke.
The test is carried out at ambient temperature between 10cand 35 c, unless otherwise specified. United testing systems manufacturers universal test machines for tension, compression and materials testing applications as well as rockwell hardness testers and related grips, fixtures and accessories. The kla t150 utm nanomechanical tensile tester is used for dynamic characterization of youngs modulus as a continuous function of strain. Test speeds vary by specimen type to achieve a 1%min strain rate, and an extensometer is used to measure specimen parameters. Tension test is performed on mild steel, tor steel and high tensile steel to determine the properties like youngs modulus, ultimate strength, and the percentage elongation. Utm comprises two main units, one is the loading unit and other is the control panel. The rate at which a test is performed can have a significant effect on tensile properties. It is very important to the tensile test to be considered is the standard dimensions and profiles are adhered to. Top 10 tests performed in universal testing machine utm. Haida tensile testing machine of the host and assistive devices adopted advanced technology, beautiful appearance, easy operation, stable and reliable performance. Consider the typical tensile specimen shown in fig. Universal testing machines are named as such because they can perform many different varieties of tests on an equally diverse range of materials, components, and structures. Top 10 tests performed in universal testing machine utm machine.
Pdf tensile testing and evaluation of 3d printed pla specimens. Conclusion we were able to successfully tensile test. It relates the effect of a uniaxial tensile load force on the elongation change in length of a standard specimen. Pdf universal testing machine for mechanical properties. Idle cross head can be moved up and down for adjustment. Object the purpose of this experiment is to understand the uniaxial tensile testing and provide knowledge of the application of the tensile test machine. Ultimate tensile strength uts test demonstration youtube. The resulting tensile test data is used to report material properties such as stress, strain, tensile modulus and poissons ratio. The various mechanical characteristics provided as an output to the tensile testing experiment along with the.
Materials that are sensitive to strain rates exhibit higher tensile strengths and lower elongations at faster speeds. In this test ends of test piece are fixed into grips connected to a straining device and to a load measuring device. This test is a destructive method, in which a specimen of a standard shape and dimensions prepared according to astm d 638tandard test method for tensile properties of. Preset common parameters such as preload, force, test speed and return speed. Tensile properties for plastics, polymers and steels are very sensitive to testing rates, but aluminum alloys exhibit little sensitivity. Ergonomic, manual jog controls allow fast and accurate crosshead setup. Measure the change in length while adding weight until the part begins to stretch and finally breaks. The results of tensile tests are used in selecting materials for engineering applications. Reference may also be made to additional testing requirements found in astm a370. The left has upper, middle and lower cross heads i.
Figure 1 tensile test machine the specimen that being tested is given some force in two directions, which is in unaxial direction. The working principle for tensile testing machine, universal. Tensile test purpose, graph, results, specimen details. A universal testing machine utm is used to test the mechanical properties tension, compression etc. The tensile testing laboratory was conducted using an instron load frame and the bluehill data acquisition software. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials1. Tension test on steel rod principle, apparatus, procedures. Uniaxial tension and compression testing of materials. A universal testing machine utm, also known as a universal tester, materials testing machine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength and compressive strength of materials. After testing one sample of each material, a second round of tensile tests were performed on both. In this lab, we first selected three 505 specimens sae 2011t3 aluminum, 1081 hot rolled steel, and pvc plastic to undergo tension in the utm.
Tension test is performed on mild steel, tor steel and high tensile steel to. The values for the ultimate tensile stress for the steel and copper sample are 536mpa and 445mpa respectively. To avoid end effects from the shoulders, the length of the transition region should be at least as great as the diameter, and the total length of the reducedsectionshould. A typical instron load frame used for tensile testing. Strength can have many meanings, so let us take a closer look at what is meant by the strength of a material. Universal testing machine for mechanical properties of thin. Steel reinforcement bar rebar a tensile testing guide. The working principle of electronic tensile testing machine is basically by measuring system, driving system, control system, and computer and other structures.
With the advancement and continuing integration of composite materials and technology in todays modern industries, research in this field is becoming more and more significant. Pdf universal testing machine for mechanical properties of. Lab manual study the utm and perform the tensile test. To test the quality of materials, different test procedures are performed on the products such as tensile test, compression test, bursting test, environmental test, and many more. Sep 15, 2018 the behaviour of the material can be tested by different testing methods, with the help of testing machines. Four different materials were tested, including 6061t6 aluminum alloy, a36 hot rolled steel, polymethylmethacrylate pmma, cast acrylic, and polycarbonate. Chapter 3, uniaxial tensile testing chapter 4, tensile testing equipment and strain sensors tensile specimens and testing machines tensile specimens. A universal testing machine is used to test the tensile stress and compressive strength of materials.
A tensile test is carried out on standard tensile test specimen in universal testing machine. It is controlled via a computer running the mtestquattro software it should already be running when you come to the lab, if not ask your ta to open it for you. Metric reinforcing bar calculations are approximate and are intended to estimate the size of universal test machine utm required. During testing, the computer controls all utm functions and collects the data such as load, speed and displacement information, as defined by. It is hydraulically operates a pump, oil in oil sump, load dial indicator and central buttons. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic.
Effect of work hardening on tensile properties of metal acms 811. Tensile testing is one of the simplest and most widely used mechanical tests. In this figure, the gauge length l 0 is the length over which the elongation of the specimen is measured. Tension test on steel rod procedure and results the constructor. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. Impact testing of materials charpy impact test lab2 4. Universal testing machine for mechanical properties of. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined. The test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the purpose of determining one or more of the mechanical properties defined in clause 4. Computer controlled series 1600 universal testing machine. The testing procedure was repeated for the rest of the specimens. A reduced gage section specimen made from 6061t6 aluminum, ready for tensile testing. Tensile test method for the determining of the structural properties of individual carbon fibers carlton metcalfdoetsch honors mentor. Tensile test experiment materials science and engineering.
By measuring the force required to elongate a specimen to breaking point, material properties can be determined that will allow designers and quality managers to predict how materials and products will behave in their intended applications. The universal testing machine is a material testing machine used for static testing such as a tensile test or compressive test. Pdf objectives students are required to understand the principle of a. The following slides will be a walkthrough for using the frame to conduct the tension, compact tension and compression tests. The work piece was fixed to the jaw of the utm and adjusted to fit the dimensions of the. This steel testing standard covers the mechanical testing of steel products. Tension compression materials testing welcome to smart testing for more than 50 years, united testing systems has been internationally recognized for the design and manufacture of universal testing machines utm s that are known for rugged construction, highquality, versatility and proven performance.
The main principle of the tensile test is denotes the resistance of a material to a tensile load applied axially to a specimen. In this article, we have discussed the construction and the working principle of the. Tensile testing helps us to ensure a safe and high quality material and to reduce the chances of failure in the respective field. An earlier name for a tensile testing machine is a tensometer. Rebar grade 40 60 75 yield tensile strength ksi 40 70 60 90 75 100. It is named after the fact that it can perform many standard tensile and compression tests on materials, components, and structures. Test speeds may be selected on the fly with instant crosshead response. A universal testing machine utm is used to test both the tensile and compressive strength of materials. The 1600 series utm functions are controlled by personal computer pc operating in a windowsbased environment.
This video are complete experimental explanation of utm machine, and tensile testing of ductile material. It then includes further reference to the primary metals tensile testing standard, astm e8. The tensile test is most applied one, of all mechanical tests. Introduction tensile testing is one of the simplest and most widely used mechanical tests. Mar 20, 2018 tensile test tensile test is a method used to measure the strength of an material by giving a static load on unaxial direction of the specimen. Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Tensile testing of three engineering swarthmore college. This publication is being made available in pdf format as a benefit to members and. The machine has been named so because of the wide range of tests it can perform over different kind of materials. For stainless steel tensile strength analysis, the peak forces obtained are 9486.
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