The extraction ratio of zinc was determined using the following equation s c d w m 1 where. Exh ibit 3 hydro m e t a l l u rgi c al p r o c e s s adapted from. Epa identification and description of mineral processing. Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates ores that contain zinc into pure. Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc ores into pure zinc. About 90% to 98% of the cadmium present in zinc ores i s recovered in the mining and beneficiating stages of the extraction process. Copper from the pregnant leach solution after the step of leaching can be recovered by traditional solvent extraction and electrowinning sxew. It describes the literature search, the screening of emission data reports, and the quality rating system for both. Zinc smelting has historically been more difficult than the smelting of other metals, e. Zinc is extracted from the purified zinc sulfate solution by electrowinning, which is a specialized form of electrolysis.
Gold processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. They are mined and smelted in many countries in both the developed and developing world. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for. Recovery of zinc from arduous wastes using solvent extraction. Both pyrometallurgical as well as hydrometallurgical methods are used for production of lead zinc depending on the type of raw material used as a charge. What about image files of a scanned document that you want to convert into editable text. Pyrometallurgy, zinc, lead, imperial smelting process, sintering machine, zinc oxide, accompanying elements 1. Pyrometallurgical process high tempearture process calcination roasting smelting. The results of thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies have shown that these. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing.
Have a pdf document that you would like to extract all the text out of. School of minerals processing and bioengineering, central south university, changsha 410083, hunan, peoples republic of china. Lead and zinc lead and zinc ores are usually found together with gold and silver. Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. Externally heated and batchoperated horizontal retorts were originally used. Explain mitsubishi process for copper production in brief. At temperatures typically used for smelting metals, zinc is a gas that will escape from a furnace with the flue gas and be lost, unless specific. Zinc zn is a metallic element of hexagonal closepacked hcp crystal structure and a density of 7. The extraction of zinc from zinc ferrite needs a subsequent leaching step using concentrated sulphuric acid solutions at temperature near 100 c. In these pyrometallurgical processes, flux is added to the copper and air is. May be an economic method for recycling some re magnets. Zinc processing, the extraction of zinc from its ores and the preparation of zinc metal or chemical compounds for use in various products zinc zn is a metallic element of hexagonal closepacked hcp crystal structure and a density of 7. Lead concentrations can be 5070%, and the sulfur content of sulfidic ores is in the range of 1520%.
The sintering operation results in considerable volatilization. Viewopen full text file from research information portal pdf icon. After recovering zinc in considerable amount by hot sulphuric acid leaching, nacl leaching experiments for the extraction of lead were done on the secondary leach. General principles and processes of isolation of elements ncert. Pyrometallurgical extraction inv olves several processes such as. Tables 61 and 62 provide capsule summaries of these processes. Video files are often quite large, so they are sometimes. Pyrometallurgical recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts zhiwei peng, 1 zhizhong li, 1 xiaolong lin, 1 huimin tang, 1 lei ye, 1 yutian ma, 2 mingjun rao, 1 yuanbo zhang, 1 guanghui li, 1,3 and tao jiang 1 1. Pyrometallurgical pretreatment may include sweating the separation of different metals by slowly staging furnace air temperatures to liquefy each metal separately, burning insulation from copper wire, and drying in rotary kilns to volatilize oil and other organic compounds. Zinc concentrate is converted from zinc sulfide to zinc oxide by roasting, and at the same time most of the sulfur is removed as sulfur dioxide. Primary uses for zinc include galvanizing of all forms of steel, as a constituent of brass, for electrical conductors, vulcanization of rubber and in primers and paints. Maximization of extraction of cadmium and zinc during recycling of spent battery mix.
Though most tar files are created on unixbased computers, they can be extracted on windows and macintosh as well. However, the fast depleting reserves of natural resources, the rising cost of disposal, and the increasing concerns about their impact on the environment have forced the scientific community to find uses for such slags. The feedstock for the process is a mixture of zinc lead concentrates. Pyrometallurgical extraction pyrometallurgical extraction inv olves several processes such as. Materials the sample of the spent automotive catalysts used in this work was supplied by the greek company monolithos. The solid charge must consist of particles coarse enough that they will not be blown out of the furnace by the gas. Pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. As an example, zinc ore concentrate includes several metals, such as indium, defined as a critical metal by the european commission 1. This is one of the first zinc production technologies used and was developed in response to the need for extracting zinc from oxidic zinc ores. Zinc is mainly extracted from sulphide ores, oxide concentrates, silicates and zincous wastes. Hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc from zinc ferrites.
This means you can use it to encode a video or a movie, which you can then watch on your computer, or even on a portable video player or laptop. Zinc concentration is in the range of 4060%, with sulfur content in sulfidic ores in the range of 2634%. A lead zinc ore may also contain lead sulfide, zinc sulfide, iron sulfide, iron carbonate, and quartz. This work deals with the study of the pgms behavior during their pyrometallurgical recovery from spent ceramic catalytic converters utilizing copper as a metallic collecting phase. The extraction of zinc from sulphide minerals is carried out by two approaches. Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of l. Slag, an essential component in the pyrometallurgical extraction of any metal from its ores, has been considered as waste. Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas. Pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc and lead using the imperial smelting process isp is based on the reduction of roasted znpb concentrate with coke at c in a shaft furnace. To combine pdf files into a single pdf document is easier than it looks. Because of the simple operation, short flow sheet, and largescale treatment potential, the pyrometallurgical processes are extensively used in industry for extracting precious metals from spent catalysts.
Read on to find out just how to combine multiple pdf files on macos and windows 10. The most common zinc concentrate processed is zinc sulfide, which is obtained by concentrating sphalerite using the froth flotation method. In the hydrometallurgical processing of manganese from its ore, the leach liquors often contain divalent ions such as iron, copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc along with other manganese impurities which make manganese very difficult to separate. Draw the flow sheet with important parameters involved in the process.
Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of less reactive elements like iron, copper, zinc, chromium, tin, and manganese. An application of combined genetic programming and simulated annealing approach liu yun, wei li, akhil garg, sivasriprasanna maddila, liang gao, zhun fan, p. Magnesium and zinc are later removed by distillation. Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometallurgy sludge. So 2 gas produced during the pyrometallurgical processing of highgrade concentrates can be used as a raw material for the production of sulfuric acid. By using magnesium, the neodymium will be dissolved forming a mgnd alloy. Proceedings of the first global conference on extractive metallurgy pp. Froth floatation has been used with aid of cuso 4 to collect zinc ore. Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates ores that contain zinc into pure zinc. Oct 29, 2011 pyro metallurgical extraction of zinc presently about 15 20% of the worlds zinc production comes from pyrometallurgical route. Native gold is the most common mineral of gold, accounting for about 80 percent of the metal in the earths crust. There are two methods of zinc extraction 1 pyrometallurgy. Constraints from geochemistry and zircon upb geochronology and luhf isotopes. Introduction heavily contaminated semiproducts or waste dusts, slimes, dross, slag of troublesome and negative influence on production processes are often encountered in.
In electricarc furnace dust, zinc content can reach 43%, lead and content can reach 4%. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining. Accompanying elements in zinc oxide emitted from a sintering. In this contribution, a hydrometallurgical process is specifically developed to recover zinc zn, manganese mn and lead pb from the pyrometallurgical sludge produced in the steel. The contribution of the milling, smelting, and refining of sulfide ores to hg emissions and to hg byproduction is not adequately quantified in a global context. Difference between hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. Zinc, the 25th most abundant element, is widely distributed in nature, making up between 0. When zinc and lead sulfides are present in profitable amounts they are regarded as. Experimental investigation of pyrometallurgical treatment of zinc residue. Utilization of zinc slag through geopolymerization. Maximization of extraction of cadmium and zinc during.
In the present investigation a zinc copper ore from the maranda mine, located in the murchison greenstone belt, south africa, containing sphalerite zns and chalcopyrite cufes 2. One way some people like to publicly show documents is to embed a pdf directly into their website when they create one, or they may embed a pdf directly into anything others can view. Chlorination roasting is one of the pyrometallurgical techniques that can be used to. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems. Carbonfree selective extraction of zinc and lead from eaf. There are two possibilities to manage solid material containing zinc ferrite. This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. Hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc and copper a 57fe.
Arpae rare earth and critical materials workshop breakout. Electrowinning electrolytic deposition is used for extraction, particularly from acid leach solutions where the form of the leach solution makes a satisfactory aqueous solution to be used as an electrolyte. Sulfuric acid is also formed in the process and reused in the leaching process. Pyrometallurgical equipment types of furnaces shaft furnace these are vertical furnaces with the charge added at the top and removed at the bottom, while gas is blown into the bottom and exits the top, as shown in figure 1. The most commonly used route in the hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc and copper from a sulphide ore is the concentrateroastleachelectro winning process. I paid for a pro membership specifically to enable this feature. Leaching of metals from hydrometallurgical residue by. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical routes or their combination can be employed for treating secondary materials 1. Pdf is a hugely popular format for documents simply because it is independent of the hardware or application used to create that file. By michelle rae uy 24 january 2020 knowing how to combine pdf files isnt reserved.
Identification and description of mineral processing. In this study, we estimate hg emissions from the pyrometallurgical treatment of cu, pb, and zn sulfide ores. This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system. However, it is difficult to extract zinc from zinc ferrite by naoh solution under atmospheric pressure. This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. High cadmium precipitate spent zinc spent c a dmium e l e c trolyte c opper r em oval. Ecofriendly processing of sulfidic polymetallic concentrates. Pyrometallurgical extraction smelting blast furnace only used for reducing oxides mainly iron, lead, zinc charged at the top, tapped from bottom air blown up through material coke as fuel limestone for increased liquidity 12.
Results will vary depending on the file and the tool used have a pdf document. In the pyrometallurgical process, ore concentrate containing lead, zinc, or both is fed, in some cases after sintering, into a primary smelter. The purpose of this document is to provide operating procedure for laboratory. The retort process produces zinc metal by reducing zinc oxide zno with carbon and by condensing the resulting zinc vapor. New technologies for the next millennium combining lead zinc 2000 and recycling of metals and engineered materials, will be held at the pittsburgh hilton hotel, in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, from october 2225, 2000. Since 1990, mintek has been researching the extraction of lead and zinc from a. Tar files are directories that hold multiple data files. Global emission and production of mercury during the. Ability to treat a large tonnage of ore in a compact space, which leads to a saving in capital cost. Pdf this chapter highlights key aspects of pyrometallurgy. Identification and description of mineral processing sectors.
How to extract an embedded pdf file it still works. Pyrometallurgical process an overview sciencedirect topics. In the case of molten zinc, neodymium and iron will be dissolved forming a znndfe alloy. It has only moderate hardness and can be made ductile and easily worked at temperatures slightly above the ambient. When zinc and lead sulfides are present in profitable amounts they are regarded as ore minerals.
The pittsburgh hilton hotel is located in downtown pittsburgh, across from. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers. If you need or want a copy of this pdf, you can extract. Only pyrometallurgy and fused salt electrolysis can extract reactive metals namely the alkaline earth metals zirconium and titanium. The horizontal and vertical retort processes and electrothermal process were used in the past for zinc production but have become obsolete due to high power consumption and low recovery. Recovery of zinc and manganese from pyrometallurgy sludge by. Gold extraction by chlorination using a pyrometallurgical. The calcine is leached in dilute sulphuric acid solution according to. For the purpose of extraction, bauxite is chosen for aluminium.
Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. The foci of this study are the histories of selected pyrometallurgical plants that treated mostly primary zinc feedstock and the atmospheric emissions, primarily zinc, generated by those plants during the course of producing zinc and zinc oxide in new jersey, pennsylvania, virginia, west virginia, and washington, d. Recovery of zinc from zinc ash and flue dust by pyrometallurgical processing. We base our calculations on quantities processed and hg content in cu, pb, and zn concentrates, derived from unique global. Experimental investigation of pyrometallurgical treatment of zinc.
Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps. The process works by passing an electric current through the solution in a series of cells. Flow sheet for pyrometallurgical extraction of zn a mixture of roasted zn concentrate and anthracite screenings or coke breeze is charged in to a grog retort which is then placed in a furnace heated to1400 c. Zinc extraction from zinc oxidized ore using nh so roasting. I recently got a pdf file via email that had a bunch of great images that i wanted to extract as separate jpegfiles so that i could upload them to my website. This was the driving force behind the search for a new pyrometallurgical zinc refining technology, as it was felt that the enviroplas process coupled with a new refining technology would address the manganese issues, would be electrically powered, and would be environmentally acceptable. Processing of spinelbearing compounds for zinc extraction. Zinc and lead are the two most widely used nonferrous metals after aluminium and copper as vital materials in everyday life. Confidential pyrometallurgical extraction smelting mixture melts and separates into two phases slag phase containing oxides and impurities impure metal phase or matte sulphide phase containing desired metal add carbon to react oxides to metal if oxide ore for sulphides, primarily melting and impurity control remove fe as feo into the slag by blowing air fes reacts first with o 2 furnace types blast furnace, top submerged lance, flash smelter, electric furnace ore flux sand air. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Generally, zinc and lead are reduced from their oxides by dint of carbon an average of 500 kgt dust.
Zinc uses extraction of zinc sources of zinc pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc horizontal retort reduction vertical retort reduction hydrometallurgical extraction of zinc imperial smelting process isp production of other metals by isp lead recovery precious metals recovery copper recovery arsenic, antimony, and bismuth recovery tin recovery. Introduction manufacturer the miasteczko slaskie zinc smelting plant is the only zinc and lead in europe that uses the isp imperial smelting process pyrometallurgical process. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. Genesis of earlymiddle jurassic intrusive rocks in the erguna block ne china in response to the latestage southward subduction of the mongolokhotsk oceanic plate.
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